Tuesday, November 3, 2015

Is anyone a hero in King Lear?

Short answer? Eh. I mean could I overanalyze and force one or more of the characters to fit that description? Sure.
And that's exactly what I'm going to do.
To me, the only character who even slightly resembles a hero is Edgar. He follows a hero's journey fairly close. A case could also be made for Lear, but I don't think he quite reaches any Apotheosis or most of the steps.
Edgar, however, reaches most, if not all. While not all on stage, he still references some occurrences offstage.

  1. Departure 
    1. The Call to Adventure: Edgar is called to adventure as soon as we're introduced to him. He's forced from his home as Edmund betrays him and makes falsehoods about him to their father
    2. Refusal of the Call: Naturally, Edgar doesn't want to leave. He is VERY confused and doesn't understand what's going on.
    3. Supernatural Aid: There really isn't any obvious aid to him. The fact that he survives could be considered supernatural aid, but that's a stretch I don't think I have enough evidence to make.
    4. Crossing the Threshold: Edgar crosses the threshold when he calls himself "Poor Tom." He takes on the façade of a beggar to live, and accepts the adventure.
    5. Belly of the Whale: Edgar, by taking on the image of a beggar, must too, live like a beggar. 
  2. Initiation 
    1. The road of Trials: We can only assume Edgar faces his own trials while we don't see him. As a beggar, life has to be tough.
    2. Meeting with the Goddess: King Lear  doesn't have too much supernatural in it, so there is not real meeting with goddesses either
    3. Woman as a Temptress: Now I'm gonna take a step away from Edgar and go to Edmund. Edmund really faces 2 women as temptresses (Goneril and Regan) and takes his own (anti)hero's journey.
    4. Atonement with the Father: Now this is one that is very obvious. Edgar does meet with Gloucester, and in a way atones for himself and his brother by helping Gloucester.
    5. Apotheosis: Apotheosis is the ascension to godhood, the ultimate boon. For Edgar, his ultimate boon could be either meeting his father again, or killing his brother. 
  3. Return
    1. Refusal of the Return: Edgar really doesn't refuse any return, so this is not super applicable.
    2. The Magic Flight: Again, doesn't really happen to him. Although his whole journey with Gloucester could be interpreted as a magic flight as it is him being reunited with his father.
    3. Rescue from the Without: His rescue is from his beggar status. When Edgar reveals himself, he is treated with respect that he deserves.
    4. The Crossing of the Return Threshold: This happens when he reveals himself, like in the last one.
    5. Master of Two Worlds: Edgar is master of both the world of highborn and lowborn. After living with both, he knows both of their struggles.
    6. Freedom to Live: Probably his biggest redeeming factor. Edgar is one of the only characters who lives throughout the end. His death is not foreshadowed, and he has status to potentially become king.
So is Edgar the hero? I would argue that yes, he could be. He follows the mono-myth very closely, and arguably the closest in the play. While not all are met, that seldom happens.

Tuesday, September 29, 2015

The Hero's Journey in "Tracks"

In my first post, I stated my question as focusing on the main character. Unfortunately, in Louise Erdrich’s Tracks, there is no “main character.” The book revolves around a set of main characters from the Anishinabe tribe, all with their own individual plotlines. However, Fleur Pillager represents the hero in many ways, and goes on multiple journeys throughout the Hero’s Journey
  1. Departure
    1. The call to adventure – I would argue that the call of the adventure for Fleur, and the whole tribe, is the arrival of the white people. They’re called to stay with their past and their heritage.
    2. Refusal of the Call – Many of them reject their heritage and give into the white people’s demands, and refuse the call to stand up for themselves.
    3. Supernatural Aid – The supernatural aid is presented in Fleur’s powers and the lake monster, Misshepeshu.
    4. Crossing the Threshold – The threshold was crossed when Fleur went to Argus on her own.
    5. Belly of the Whale – When Fleur is in Argus, she is in the belly of the whale. She has no help and is surrounded by the corruption of the white land.
  2. Initiation
    1. The Road of Trials – While in Argus, Fleur goes through many trials, like the ridicule from the townspeople she receives. In addition, she is raped for beating the mean in poker.
    2. The meeting with the Goddess – I would not say that Fleur meets with a goddess, but we do not know as we never see from her point of view.
    3. Woman as Temptress – Pauline could be considered a temptress. She turns away from her Native American traditions very quickly, and attempts to convince all of the tribe to do the same.
    4. Atonement with the Father – Upon returning to the reservation, Fleur meets with Nanapush. Nanapush raised Fleur, and is the only father figure she has.
    5. Apotheosis – When Fleur takes the money from the men in Argus and brings it back to the reservation, she is brought higher than them and ascends.
    6. The Ultimate Boon – The boon is the land Fleur buys back from the white people, and gets to live on. The Pillager land is the boon for Fleur.
  3. Return
    1. Refusal of the Return – Later in the book, the white agents are attempting to take the land back from everyone, including Fleur, but she refuses.
    2. The Magic Flight – Fleur really doesn’t take any sort of magic flight that I can think of.
    3. Rescue from the Without – She destroys all the trees surrounding her home, crushing the white workers and their equipment.
    4. The Crossing of the Return Threshold – She crosses the return threshold after she denounces the Kashpaws for their selfishness.
    5. Master of the Two Worlds –Throughout the book, Fleur seems as she’s a master of both the worlds of mortality and immortality. She has godly powers but is just a woman.
    6. Freedom to Live. – Fleur represents the tribe in their freedom to live, albeit different. They’ll never have the home the way it was, although she is living.

So is Fleur a hero? Maybe less steps are followed than Oedipus, but yes, she is a hero. She represents a majority of the tribes in America that were taken by the white people.

Tuesday, September 1, 2015

Oedipus – How he traverses The Hero's Journey

Oedipus Rex of Sophicle's Oedipus the King, is not a traditional hero by any stretch of the imagination. The man fated to kill his father and marry his mother couldn't possibly be a hero, right?
Wrong. He needn't be a hero by any moral sense of the word. Morality and heroism have no correlation except in modern culture, (Hell, Sauron is probably a hero for the Orcs) but, back to the topic. Does Oedipus deserve the ranking of Hero? Does he follow the steps within The Hero's Journey? Well, let's take a look.
  1. Departure 
    1. The call to adventure – Well, this call to adventure really began when he met the shepherd who informed him that his parents weren't his real parents. This moment really called Oedipus to search for more information.
    2. Refusal of the Call – But, of course, he denies it.
    3. Supernatural Aid – The supernatural aid to Oedipus would be his meeting with the Oracle. He learns of the full prophecy, and is forever set in motion on his journey.
    4. Crossing the Threshold – The threshold was his departure from Corinth to Thebes. As soon as Oedipus leaves his old life, he crosses the threshold to the journey.
    5. Belly of the Whale – The "whale" in this instance could be considered Oedipus himself. Angst ridden, he leaves Corinth, he traverses into his own state of consciousness which is a peak of what is to come.
  2. Initiation
    1. The Road of Trials – The trials is Oedipus' travel to Thebes. He is faced with the trial of killing his own father and his father's guard (without knowing it's his father, of course)
    2. The meeting with the Goddess – As far as we know, Oedipus does not meet with any goddess, save for the Sphynx as a goddess. 
    3. Woman as Temptress – Although the Sphynx could be the meeting with the goddess (Or the last step and this one could be one in the same) I believe the Temptress is the Sphynx. She tempts Oedipus with this offer of getting past her if he can answer the riddle. 
    4. Atonement with the Father – Oedipus' atonement with the father could be the atonement with his heritage, Thebes. He could be silently atoning for the murder of their king, although this is speculation.
    5. Apotheosis – The apotheosis of Oedipus is his ascension to the throne. Officially king of Thebes.
    6. The Ultimate Boon – The boon for Oedipus is his ascension to the throne, and his marriage to the queen. From this point is where we start the actual play. 
  3. Return
    1. Refusal of the Return – This happens for Oedipus when the plague strikes his land. He is told that the plague will stop when the killer of Laius is found (That's Oedipus, by the way) And searches relentlessly.
    2. The Magic Flight – Sometimes, magic flights aren't all rainbows and fireworks. Sometimes magic is dark and brutal, which is which Oedipus faces. He's forced to face the facts that he has followed his fate.
    3. Rescue from the Without – He rescues his city by confessing to his crimes.
    4. The Crossing of the Return Threshold – He crosses the return when he goes into exile and shame. He has passed the threshold of royalty that he refused to pass through.
    5. Master of the Two Worlds – This is going to get a bit figurative, so bear with me. Oedipus is the master of honor and dishonor. Blinding himself, he atones to the gods. His dishonor comes from his prior actions. 
    6. Freedom to Live. – Oedipus is given mercy from the gods and people of the world. He has atoned and paid his price, and is giving the freedom of life for it. 
So, does Oedipus follow through The Hero's Journey? I would argue yes. I believe that Oedipus is a hero, be it moral or immoral, and did follow the journey. There are only a few instances that may or may not add up completely, however, in whole, he does traverse the entire journey which many hero's will also do.

Monday, August 31, 2015

The Big Question

Throughout literature, hero's have always traveled on a specific trail of events. This trail of events is commonly called "The Hero's Journey," a term coined by Joseph Campbell in 1949.
To me, "The Hero's Journey" is fascinating. It is a theme that has reoccurred in film, literature and many other works of art, from Homer's The Iliad & The Odyssey, to George Lucas' Star Wars. This fascination was only fueled when I discovered a video game called Journey. Journey is a masterpiece of a game. It combines stunning artwork and music that immerses the player, with gameplay that brings the game to a neigh meditative state.
Journey takes the player, who is an avatar with no speech, through his own hero's journey, atoning for the sins and mistakes of a previous race of godlike beings. Throughout this game, I've always wondered which parts of the Hero's Journey are applicable to this character. With this thought in mind, I created my big question, "Is The Hero's Journey applicable to the main character?"
Of course, to answer this in the future, we must first list the steps of The Hero's Journey, which Campbell describes as such:

  1. Departure
    1. The call to adventure
    2. Refusal of the Call
    3. Supernatural Aid
    4. Crossing the Threshold
    5. Belly of the Whale
  2. Initiation
    1. The Road of Trials
    2. The meeting with the Goddess
    3. Woman as Temptress
    4. Atonement with the Father
    5. Apotheosis
    6. The Ultimate Boon
  3. Return
    1. Refusal of the Return
    2. The Magic Flight
    3. Rescue from the Without
    4. The Crossing of the Return Threshold
    5. Master of the Two Worlds
    6. Freedom to Live.
For Journey many of these are listed as the titles of the songs in the soundtrack, which was my first clue to the correlation with the game. My end-goal is to discover how heroes are emotionally affected by the journey, be it positive or negative.